張金霞; 張樹庭
中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)菌種保藏中心; 香港中文大學(xué)生物系 北京 100081; 香港

【中文摘要】 通過對(duì)34株草菇[Volvariella volvacea(Bull.ex Fr.)Sing.]保藏菌種的肉眼和顯微觀察,按菌落和菌絲形態(tài),將其分為氣生型(正常)和匍匐型(不正常)兩大基本類型。氣生型又分為正常生長(zhǎng)型和緩慢生長(zhǎng)型兩類。本實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察到,所有氣生型菌株的菌絲都粗而直,在PDAY培養(yǎng)基上正常生長(zhǎng)的都能在天然基質(zhì)廢棉上正常生長(zhǎng)并出菇;而所有在PDAY培養(yǎng)基上生長(zhǎng)緩慢的都不能在天然基質(zhì)廢棉上正常生長(zhǎng)(或生長(zhǎng)緩慢細(xì)弱,或僅在表面生長(zhǎng)),且不能出菇。所有匍匐型菌株的菌絲都細(xì)而多彎曲,在PDAY培養(yǎng)基和廢棉上都生長(zhǎng)緩慢,甚至不能生長(zhǎng),均不能出菇。凝膠電泳表明,與氣生型菌株相比,匍匐型菌株多1-2條酯酶同工酶帶,而缺少一條活性極強(qiáng)的可溶性蛋白帶。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,(1) 菌落形態(tài)特征可能是鑒定草菇菌種保藏效果的第一特征,氣生菌絲的有無可以作為菌株正常與否的重要標(biāo)志;(2) 菌絲形態(tài),包括粗細(xì)、曲直、分枝等是區(qū)別草菇菌種保藏后正常與否的微觀特征;(3) 酯酶同工酶譜和可溶性蛋白帶是鑒別草菇菌種保藏效果的可利用的生化標(biāo)志。上述特征和標(biāo)志都與草菇菌種的商業(yè)性狀,如發(fā)菌、出菇等,有明顯的關(guān)系。對(duì)于這些...更多生化標(biāo)志尚有待于進(jìn)一步鑒定和研究  還原

【英文摘要】 Thirty-four stock cultures of Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex Fr.)were examined visually and microscopically, and two general types of hyphae, the aerial type and the flat type could be grouped. Furthermore, the aerial type could be divided into two categories, good growth and slow growth. The aerial type hyphae were thick and straight in appearance. In this study, one category of the aerial type grew well on PDAY medium and could grow well on cotton waste compost, and fruitd normally; the another category grew slowly on PDAY medium and also grew slowly on cotton waste compost, they failed to fruit. The flat type hyphae were thin and wavy in appearance. They grew very slow either on PDAY medium or on cotton waste compost and were unable to fruit. Gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the flat type appeared more one or two bands on esterase isozyme zymogram, and missed one major band on coluble protein profile as compared to the aerial type. The results suggest that after storage, the my...更多celial colony morphology may be primary characteristic for identification of productivity and quality of V. volvacea culture; the existence or absence of aerial hyphae could be as marker of normality or abnormality of V. volvacea culture; the morphology of hyphae including diameter, growth direction, branch could be used for determination of V. volvacea culture, and esterase isozyme zymogram and soluble protein could be biochemical indicators to distinguish normal from changed culture for V.volvacea. All of these indicators seem to be relative to commercial characteristics such as mycelial running on compost and fruiting. Further studies are required to characterize these biochemical indicators.  還原

【中文關(guān)鍵詞】 草菇; 菌種保藏; 保藏效果鑒定
【英文關(guān)鍵詞】 Volvariella volvacea; Culture preservation; Effective determination

【文獻(xiàn)出處】 中國(guó)食用菌,Edible Fungi of China,編輯部郵箱,1992年04期 【DOI】CNKI:SUN:ZSYJ.0.1992-04-000