張壽橙

【中文摘要】 蕈,是龍慶景菇民對菇的習(xí)慣稱呼。諾大的中國,唯菇民稱香菇為香蕈。驚蕈,是菇民用軟木拍擊菌絲發(fā)育已經(jīng)成熟,而未出菇的菇木,促其出菇的一種技術(shù),全中國唯龍慶景菇民為之。1796年,佐藤成裕所著《驚蕈錄》,是日本早期的最優(yōu)秀的香菇栽培專著。其參考1562牛黃佐的《廣東通志》而作。現(xiàn)證實(shí):《廣東通志》對香菇的185個(gè)字論述引自陸容(1436——1494年)的《菽園雜志》,而《菽園雜志》又引自1209年何澹的《龍泉縣志》。因此,《驚蕈錄》實(shí)際上是參考《龍泉縣志》,也即參考龍慶景的砍花法栽培而作。從龍慶景香菇歷史演變圖和中、日香菇發(fā)展史簡記中亦證明,自龍巖村點(diǎn)燃的香菇栽培星火,元、明以來即燃遍中國南方,以后又飄洋過海,影響日本。日本自伊豆開始的(钅宅)目法,從發(fā)生淵源,發(fā)生經(jīng)過,史料記載、技術(shù)運(yùn)用、甚至方言術(shù)語上推論,其技術(shù)無疑來自中國的龍慶景。橫跨龍泉——伊豆這條香菇技術(shù)的金橋是誰搭成的呢?看來兩國僧人的頻繁往來作了重大的貢獻(xiàn)。

【英文摘要】 “Xun” is the name of mushrooms that the growners in Long,Qing and Jing Counties habitually call.In such a big China only the mushroom growners do name Lentinus edodes “Xiangxan”. “Jing Xun” is a technique that the growners pat the logs,with a cork pat,in which mycelia are mature but fruit-bodies have not formed to force development of fruit- bodies.Throughout the country this is a only way of making for the growners in Long, Qing and Jing. Jing Xun Records written by Sate Seyu in 1796 is the most excellent monograph for Lentinus edodes cultivation in the early stage of Japan.He consulted Guangdonq General History by Huang Zho in 1562.Now it is confirmed that 185—character exposition for cultivating Lentinus edodes in Guangdong General History was cited from Journal of Beans Garden by Lu Rong (1436—1494).And Journal of Beans Garden was cieted from The History of Long Quan County written by He Tan in 1209.So,in fact the author of JinqXun Records refered to The History of Long Quan County...更多,namnly,to the art of log-cut Method in Long,Qing and Jing Counties. From the history of the evolution in Lentinus edodes cultivation in Long,Qing and Jing Counties and the brief records of the developing history of lentinus edodes in China and Japan it is also confirmed that the prairie fire of Lentinus edopes cultivation has flamed away in the south of China since the Yuan and Ming Dynasty when its first sparks were lit in Long Yan Village.Later it spread far away across the sea and inflenced Japan. Since Zhai Mu Method (similar to log-cut Method) started in IZu in Japan the techniques in this Method originally had come from Long,Qing and Jing of China according to its origin,process,historical data,technical utilization and even dialect terminology. Who built the golden bridge of Lentinus edodes cultivation between Long Quan and IZu?It seems that the frequent friendly intercourse of the Buddhist monks of the two countries made such great contribution.  還原

【中文關(guān)鍵詞】 蕈; 驚蕈; 驚蕈錄

【文獻(xiàn)出處】 中國食用菌,Edible Fungi of China,編輯部郵箱,1988年03期 【DOI】CNKI:SUN:ZSYJ.0.1988-03-002